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About Gresham outlook. (Gresham, Multnomah County, Or.) 1911-1991 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 14, 1914)
TTOMF AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION Oregon Agricultural College is the Friend of the Farmer Page of News Notes and Interesting Articles Specially W ritten by College Experts For This Newspaper. View o t Oregon A gricultural C o'lore ESSENTIALS OF BREAD MAKING. i « / > O O D BREAD can be made from VI eith er good bard w heat flour or from good so ft w heat flo u r,” »avs Bean H e n rie tta Calvin of the O re gon A gricultural College, “ b u t you should know whieh yon are using be cause they require d iffe re n t treatm en t. H ard w heat flour may be made into a soft dough, and if it is very hard wheat then the b read should be kneaded down several times. S oft w heat flour should be made into a very s tiff dough and the bread will not need to rise more th an one« before it is put into the pans. ‘ ‘ Home made y east is much b e tte r th an the d ry y east, tl can be likened to the seed saved b y a good gard en er from his own henlthy plants. When properly prepared it co n tain s millions of live, growing, microscopic plants. Liquid y east can be k ep t in a eool, dark place about two weeks. ‘ ‘Sw eet milk is the best o f all liquids for bread m aking. I t should be scalded and then cooled. The m iero-organism s th a t cause sourness in milk are th u s heated u n til they all die. Milk bread will be a little yellow b u t its flav o r is b e tte r and it is more n u tritio u s th an w ater bread. W ater may be used in stead of milk, however, and good bread ean be made w ith it. ‘ ‘ Sugar is a good yeast food. A little added to the bread does not a ffe e t the flavor of the bread b u t does quieken th e action o f the y east. S alt is used for flavor. Such a small q u a n tity as is nsed in bread does not m aterially re ta rd the grow th of y east b u t does w hiten the bread. • ‘ Bread while rising must not be k e p t too warm. More bread is spoiled by too much beat th an too little . B read th a t fes Is warm to the hand is too warm. The bacteria whieh cause sourness, and are to the bread b ak er as weeds are to the gardener, grow rapidly in the dough if it is q u ite w arm .” The foregtiing inform ation in com pre hensive form , to g eth er w ith detailed d irections for m aking good and whole some bread, is found in E xtension Bui k-tin Series 8. No. 29, ‘ E ssentials o f Bread M ak in g ,” which may bo had by w ritin g the E xtension Division, O. A. C., C orvallis, Oregon, fo r a copy. Corvallis, Oregon, the Sole Aim of W hich Is to A Id A griculturists. w orthless. One p lan tatio n farm er sowed 350 acres to lespedeza w ith u n tested seed, and reports th a t he secured only a ten per cent germ ination, resu ltin g in en tire loss of tim e, labor and seed. A ctiv ity is g reatest in the m onths of December, Jan u a ry and F eb ru ary , d u r ing whieh tim e m any p lan ters gnve a g re a t deal of th ought to th e selection of seed. Heed dealers also tak e a g re a t deal of in terest in seed testin g , and one seedsman publishes advice to his eus turners recommending a freq u en t resort to th e seed testin g laboratory. N ext to lespedeza th e seeds most largely sub m itted for te st are rice, eotton, cow peas and velvet beans. A GRICULTURA L B U L L ET IN S. H E follow ing bulletins, issued by the E xtension D ivision of th e Oregon A gricultural College, have been p u b lished sinee Jan u a ry 1, 1914, and copies m ay be had by residents of Oregon upon re q u e s t: Oregon Corn by H. D. Seudder. How to Conduct a E ly Cam paign by IL E. W ilson. F ru it and V egetable B y-Products by C. I. Lew is and W. 8. Brown. Feeding Young Chicks by Miss C lara Nixon. M aking Babcock T est and K eeping th e Records, by W. A. B arr. Feeding and Care of D airy Cows by E. B. F itts. Fow l Tuberculosis by T. D. B eckw ith. S eptic T anks and A bsoiption System s by T. D. B eckw ith and T. A. T eeter. F eeding th e D airy Cow by R. R. G raves. R aising th e D airy C alf b y E. B. P itts. F arm B u tte r M aking by O. G. Sim p son. Silo C onstruction and Silage Feeding by R. R. G raves and W. A. Darr. Im proving O regon D airy H erds b y R. R. G raves and E. B. F itts. Breeds o f C hickens b y J . Dryden. H an d lin g th e F ru it Crop by C. I. Lewis and W. S. Brown. G row ing th e Oregon P o tato Crop by H. D. Seudder. How and W hen to S pray the O rchard by II. S. Jack so n . In addition to th e foregoing list 31 I n d u stria l Club b u lletin s have been issued fo r special use o f th e members of the B o y s’ aad G irls ’ In d u strial Clubs of Oregon. T W H ER E FA RM ER S P R O FIT BY SEED T EST IN G WORK. URING th e three y ears o f o p era U SE PO ISO N BRAN MASH TO CON tion a t B aton Ronge, La., th e co TRO L CUTWORMS. operative seed testin g lab o rato ry UTW ORMS are m enacing various doubled th e num ber o f sam ples of seed garden truck and field crops a t tested each year. L ast y ear th ere were points thro u g h o u t th e valley. The about 900 tests made and 90 per cent of a tta c k is so general and th e cutworm s them were for individual farm ers. are present in such nui bers th a t drastic T his is in m arked co n trast to the m easures seem w arran ted to p rev en t the record at the Oregon A gricultural Col occurrence o f an epidem ic of th e pest. lege, where fully 75 per cent of the A rsenical sprays some tim es prove te sts made are on sam ples supplied by practical, according to A. L. L ov ett, in seed houses. Farm ers have not been so sect specialist a t th e A gricultural Col ready to tak e ad vantage of the work lege. The best general treatm en t fo r th is in Oregon as they ats in Louisiana, cutw orm is, however, th e poison bran w ith the result th a t there is g reater mash. T his m aterial is prepared as fol loss due to im perfect seed in th is state. There is likew ise g reater "eed of seed low s: 59 pounds testin g in Louisiana. The v iab ility of B ru n .................. ..... 2 ponnds many kinds of seeds is g reatly reduced W hite arsenie or P aris green ______ 2 pounds bv the heavy rains and hot w eather. N orthern grown seeds th a t keep th eir S y r u p ....... —......... ...-...................... 2 q u arts v itality well in the north rapidly lose it Oil of le m o n .................. 2 ounces Mix these m aterials thoroughly and in the humid w arm th o f th a south, an<l a fte r a y ear a lfa lfa nnd clover seed add su fficien t warm w ater to m ake a are generally w orthless for p lant. But coarse crum bly mash. D e n ’t get th e ma little of these crops are grown in the terial sloppy; it should fall ap art readily Red R iver Valley, w ith th e exception a fte r pressing to g eth er in the hand. o f crimson clover, which is grown on This m aterial should be sown broad sandy lands. cast over the field in th e early even Lespcdera, or Ja p a n clover, tak es tl ing. About five ponnds to an acre is plac - of clover iu rotatio n , n itrificatio n usually su fficien t. Cutworms feed on of soils and forage, and is especially this m aterial in preference to v e g e ta im p o rtan t in d iv ersified farm ing. T h » tion. seed is threshed with hulls on. so th a t it Some succulent crop, such as hog is likely to heat badly and become weeds or a lfa lfa suraved heavily w ith D C P aris green, then mowed and placed in distributed among th e few. We have sm all heaps about the field is of some many illu stratio n s of the la tte r method in European history, and a few eases in value. A m erica th a t are right to the point, one of the best of w hieh is the success V A L U E OF SILA G E FE ED . ful struggle of the grain grow ers of the f l V I I E re la tiv e value of roots, kale I and silage— the usual sources of M iddle W est w ith the elevator tr u s t.” succulence for w inter feeding—; A RT IN P U E L IC SCHOOLS. depends upon th e ir composition, com HAT public sentim ent in A m erica p a rativ e feeding values, cost of pro will dem and b e tte r and more beau duetion, keeping qualities, and conven tifu l arch itectu re, b e tte r planned ience of fe e d in g ,” says Professor R. R. G raves, head of th e O. A. C. D airy De- eities, more refinem ent in the fu rn ish ings of homes and n itro a rt iu dress p artm en t. “ The to ta l digestible n u trien ts in and daily surroundings, is the belief of one ton o f corn silage is 32(1 pounds. Miss E dna M. F larid a. in stru cto r in In a ton of red clover silage the to tal a r t a t the Oregon A gricultural < ollege. is 224 pounds, b u t the n u tritiv e ratio It is the purpose of a rt in the public is 1 to 6.9, while in corn it is 1 to 11. schools to tra in the chil 1 to meet these The d igestible n u trien ts in a ton of demands. The child should be tau g h t sugar b eets is 224 pounds, w ith a ratio to know the needs of cur people and of 1 to 8.5. In rutabagas the to tal is th e finest ways o f m eeting those needs. 186 pounds to th e ton, with a ratio the This is where th e appreciation and a p sam e as th a t of sugar beets. The d i plication of a r t principles are a vital gestib le n u trie n ts in a ton of kale are p art of the c h ild ’s train in g . A pprecia b u t 139 pounds, w hile tbe ratio is very tion of the beautiful . "d fin er things narrow — 1 to 2.8. I t is also tru e th a t in life will m ake him happier, broader, th e n u trie n ts of apple pomace silage more liberal nud an inspiration to his are p re tty high, about 216 pounds to fellow creatures. Thus it is th a t a rt is the ton. T heir n u tritiv e ratio is the fo r th e m any and not fo r the few. w idest of any of the common w inter succulents, being 1 to 15.3. B A SK ETR Y E X H IB IT . ‘ ‘ The corn and clover silage eontain O LEA R N nnd to construct articles th e g re a te st percentage o f dry m atter, of basketry, reed and ra ffia , in a while kale and some of the roots eon course of fo rty hours, was accom ta in 90 per cent w ater. One ton of plished by a num ber of summer school corn silage contains as much digestible n u trien ts as a ton and a h a lf of sugar students a t the Oregon A gricultural Col beets, 1.8 tons ru tab ag as or carrots, lege. A collection of baskets and basketry a rts w as made by the in stru c and 2.3 tons of k a le .” tor, Miss H elen Cowgill, last T hursday afternoon. Some of the individual ex AMMONIA IN SOILS. hibits showed very g reat progress by I l N P i l E tran sfo rm atio n of nitrogen the exhibitors, and one mem ber of the | ous substances into am m onia in class had five well executed pieces of soils is one of the most im por various a rtistic designs all prepared in ta n t phases of the nitrogen cycle in the spaee of tw o weeks. so ils,” says I ’rofessor T. D. B eckw ith, bacteriologist a t th e Oregon A gricul H IT S SCRUB SIR E S. tu ral College. ‘ ‘ I t represents a certain stag e in th e process of decom position, f tW R I lE SCRUB S IR E has done in- | estim able dam age to the q u ality and bears a close relatio n to soil fe r of W ashington livestock. He is tility problems. The ehem ieal reaction, in whieh am m onia is one of th e end a curse to his ow ner, who is cursed by products, depends upon m any factors. his neighbors. The pure bred sire th a t M oisture and tem p eratu re of soils, as is backed by parents and g ran d p aren ts well as physical and chem ical composi of high m erit will add q u ality to the tion, play an im p o rtan t p a rt in d eter offsprings of your h e rd .” From the m ining the am ount o f am m onia pro foregoing, whieh was tak en from the duced. Soils th a t are well aerated are W ashington S ta te College news le tte r, favo-able to am m onification. Lime is it is evident th a t Oregon is not going o f d istin c t b en efit in acid and heavy to be le ft alone to fig h t th e b a ttle s for soils, sw eetening and lig h ten in g them b e tte r sires for the d airy breds. B et so th a t aeration and chemical reaction te r herds, rig h t feeding, proper m anage ean proceed. I t m ay be said in general m ent and sa n ita ry products are the th a t while am m onification is a neces things sought by the d airy dep artm en t sary and com plicated p a rt of tbe p re of the Oregon A gricultural College. T T p aratio n of plant food in soil, fo rtu n ately fo r the farm er it proceeds most readily in those soils th a t are in good condition for cu ltiv atio n , so th a t is a m a tte r th a t will regulate itse lf in soils th a t are kept in otherw ise good condi tion for crop production.” A. H. BURTON E ducation— I g ra d u a te d from S outhern Hlinoi S ta te Normal, 1901; U niversity o f Illinois, 1907; U niversity o f Oregon L a w School, 1912. L IM IT IN G POW ERS OF TRUST. H E problem for the fu tu re is the | regulation, not th e destruction o f the tr u s t,” says Dr. H ector Macpherson, of th e Oregon A gricul tu ral College. ‘ ‘ The question of the Experience — Taught 6 y ea ra statesm an who is intelligently solicitous In c o u n t r y for th e w elfare of our dem ocracy is not schools, 6 vearo ‘Shall large com binations e x i s t ! ’ b u t ae principal and rath er. ‘ In w hat form and under w hat a a superintend lim itatio ns shall they e x is t.” We w ant ent, 7 years ia to g et rid of the evils of the tru s t and Progressive la r g e h ig h preserve th e economies of consolidation. Nominee e c h o e l a ; new One way to accom plish th is is for the state, by v irtu e of its police power, to State Superintendent w att..’ i n o compel publicity, regulate prices, and of School. P°rt' control the treatm en t -f workmen. A n Principles — I favor loafer term* for coun oth er method is fo r the masses to tak e try tchoole, consolidation where practical, over the control of indi s tr j and com better teacher«, teacher« promoted for merit merce, and d istrib u te the p ro fits among only, practical ecureea, 8tate ■ money mom the m anv. which have heretofore been 1 •oonomicaUv eiocuded. ic T